Landsat长时间序列的阳澄湖湖面围网时空变化     

计璐艳  尹丹艳  宫鹏 《遥感学报》2019,23(4):717-729

准确提取湖泊围网区域的时空分布信息对湖泊的保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以阳澄湖为研究区域,收集该地区1984年—2017年所有的Landsat 5和Landsat 8影像(共计396景),提出了结合光谱和纹理特征的围网提取新算法,同时利用时间序列滤波消除年际间因数据不一致造成的偏差。以高清影像人工解译作为参考,阳澄湖围网提取结果的生产者精度在72.57%—88.53%,用户者精度在79.79%—98.10%,围网面积变化与文献记录吻合。结果表明,阳澄湖围网经历了"无围网期"(1984年—1994年)、"快速增长期"(1994年—1998年)、"巅峰期"(1999年—2002年)、"快速下降期"(2003年—2006年)和"稳定期"(2007年—2017年)5个阶段,最高达到100 km2,目前稳定在30 km2;通过研究围网区植被指数发现,2002年之后围网区浮水植物的种植面积增大;通过对比水质数据发现,2002年至今持续15年的围网拆除并未使阳澄湖恢复到80年代无围网养殖时期的II类水,其水质依然处于Ⅲ—Ⅳ类。因此在湖泊养殖开发过程中,政府应该坚持可持续发展道路,在不破坏湖泊水质的基础上发展湖泊经济。  相似文献   

广角水体体散射函数测量技术及其应用研究进展     

徐聪辉  李彩 《遥感学报》2019,23(6):1078-1090

水体体散射函数是描述水体中光在各方向散射特性的一个重要的固有光学参数,对水色遥感、水环境监测与保护、海气交互过程研究、水下军事目标跟踪等领域具有十分重要的意义。水体体散射函数测量尤其是覆盖0°—180°范围的广角体散射函数测量技术起步较晚,直接测量难度较大,一直以来都是一个棘手的科学难题。本文梳理了国内外广角水体体散射函数测量技术的发展历程,对于广角体散射函数测量技术,从原理上大致可以分为单一探测器转动式、多个固定探测器阵列式以及面阵CCD成像式等3大类,对不同测量原理下的测量技术进行详细分析,并对广角水体体散射函数测量技术在海洋生物光学、气泡跟踪、水色遥感等方面的相关应用进展进行总结和归纳,并对未来广角水体体散射函数的发展趋势和应用前景进行展望。  相似文献   

A novel spatial index using spatial analyses and hierarchical fuzzy expert system for obtaining green TOD: a case study in Tehran city     

Hamid Motieyan  Mohammad Saadi Mesgari 《国际地球制图》2019,34(1):1-22

Sustainable development is a vital and challenging factor for managing urban growth smartly. This factor contains three main components, namely economic growth, ecological protection and social justice. Green Transit-Oriented Development (GTOD) is a consummate planning approach in line with those components. Implementation of GTOD in an urban area is underpinned by its quantification. Therefore, a quantitative spatial index based on several indicators related to TOD and Green urbanism concepts should be developed. In this study, Geo-spatial Information Science and hierarchical fuzzy inference system (HFIS) were employed to calculate the indicators and aggregate them, respectively. In order to showcase the feasibility of the proposed method, it was implemented in a case study area in the City of Tehran, Iran. The result of this method is an integrated spatial GTOD index, which measures the neighbourhoods’ GTOD levels. These measurements specify weaknesses and strengths of neighbourhoods’ factors. Therefore, this index helps decision-makers to plan neighbourhoods based on land use and public transit views. Additionally, the HFIS method helps decision-makers to consider criteria and indicators with their inherent uncertainties and aggregate them with much fewer rules. For evaluating the results, the developed GTOD index was assessed with municipal action planning and attraction maps. According to the outcomes of the assessment, it is concluded that the proposed method is adequately robust and efficient for smart and sustainable urban planning.  相似文献   

Semantic segmentation of high spatial resolution images with deep neural networks     

Haiping Yang  Jiancheng Luo  Fang Chen 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(5):749-768

Availability of reliable delineation of urban lands is fundamental to applications such as infrastructure management and urban planning. An accurate semantic segmentation approach can assign each pixel of remotely sensed imagery a reliable ground object class. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture to perform the pixel-level understanding of high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Both local and global contextual information are considered. The local contexts are learned by the deep residual net, and the multi-scale global contexts are extracted by a pyramid pooling module. These contextual features are concatenated to predict labels for each pixel. In addition, multiple additional losses are proposed to enhance our deep learning network to optimize multi-level features from different resolution images simultaneously. Two public datasets, including Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets, are used to assess the performance of the proposed deep neural network. Comparison with the results from the published state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.  相似文献   

贵州省松桃县木耳溪锰矿地质特征及找矿方向     

陈旭  许乔 《云南地质》2020,(1):31-36

贵州松桃县木耳溪锰矿为典型的层控型锰矿床,矿体呈层状赋存于南华系下统大塘坡组第一段(Pt2b3d 1)底部的炭质页岩中,产出层位稳定,矿体产状与围岩产状一致。通过统计对比,锰矿层的矿化程度与含锰岩系的厚度呈正比,即当南华系大塘坡组地层厚度大于15m时,有可能成为锰矿的主要找矿方向。  相似文献   

电镀废水改进的CAFE处理工艺设计及案例     

房春生  王殿升  推玥  高晗博  王菊 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1862-1869

电镀园区废水处理过程中，由于园区企业难以做到彻底的分质分流，导致废水处理出现破络不彻底，次亚磷酸盐、氰化物等出现再络合与难降解等问题，同时，深度处理后，浓水需要进行深度处理，重金属离子浓度、总磷、总氮处理都存在难以达标的情况。本文根据企业电镀废水的典型水质和水量特征，研究设计了改进的CAFE处理工艺，详细论证了各工艺的处理过程、主要设备及相关设计参数，并将该工艺在南通某电镀园区电镀废水处理中进行了实际应用。运行的实践表明，该套设计方案污水处理运行稳定，最终出水的COD_Cr（化学需氧量）、NH₄-N、总铬、六价铬、总镍指标的平均质量浓度分别为34.00、5.41、0.29、0.03、0.05 mg/L，均远远小于电镀废水的排放标准，达到了电镀废水的深度处理要求。  相似文献   

地质钻探废弃冲洗液污染特性及脱稳技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

张统得  蒋炳  严君凤 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):134-139

废弃冲洗液无害化处理是落实绿色勘查理念的一项重要工作。通过室内测试分析与现场调研，对地质钻探不同领域的钻孔废弃冲洗液进行污染特性研究，了解其基本性质以及对环境的影响方式。结合湘桃地2井废弃冲洗液开展脱稳技术室内研究，对破胶剂及絮凝剂进行了优选，并获得了脱稳处理的基础配方。实验结果表明，经过处理后废弃冲洗液能实现快速脱稳絮凝，COD、悬浮物、色度等污染指标大幅下降，为下一步深度处理实现无害化排放创造了有利条件。  相似文献   

Understanding the hydrological system dynamics of a glaciated alpine catchment in the Himalayan region using the J2000 hydrological model          下载免费PDF全文

S. Nepal  P. Krause  W.‐A. Flügel  M. Fink  C. Fischer 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1329-1344

This paper provides the results of hydrological modelling in a mesoscale glaciated alpine catchment of the Himalayan region. In the context of global climate change, the hydrological regime of an alpine mountain is likely to be affected, which might produce serious implications for downstream water availability. The main objective of this study was to understand the hydrological system dynamics of a glaciated catchment, the Dudh Kosi River basin, in Nepal, using the J2000 hydrological model and thereby understand how the rise in air temperature will affect the hydrological processes. The model is able to reproduce the overall hydrological dynamics quite well with an efficiency result of Nash–Sutcliffe (0.85), logarithm Nash–Sutcliffe (0.93) and coefficient of determination (0.85) for the study period. The average contribution from glacier areas to total streamflow is estimated to be 17%, and snowmelt (other than from glacier areas) accounts for another 17%. This indicates the significance of the snow and glacier runoff in the Himalayan region. The hypothetical rise in temperature scenarios at a rate of +2 and +4 °C indicated that the snowmelt process might be largely affected. An increase in snowmelt volume is noted during the premonsoon period, whereas the contribution during the monsoon season is significantly decreased. This occurs mainly because the rise in temperature will shift the snowline up to areas of higher altitude and thereby reduce the snow storage capacity of the basin. This indicates that the region is particularly vulnerable to global climate change and the associated risk of decreasing water availability to downstream areas. Under the assumed warming scenarios, it is likely that in the future, the river might shift from a ‘melt‐dominated river’ to a ‘rain‐dominated river’. The J2000 model should be considered a promising tool to better understand the hydrological dynamics in alpine mountain catchments of the Himalayan region. This understanding will be quite useful for further analysis of ‘what‐if scenarios’ in the context of global climate and land‐use changes and ultimately for sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

大型射电望远镜主反射面调整方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙正雄  王锦清  虞林峰  张志斌  王广利 《天文学报》2024,65(2):15

随着毫米波天文学和空间通信的重要性日益提高, 对天线性能提出了越来越高的要求, 而天线性能往往受到其反射器表面精度的限制. 微波全息技术是一种快速有效的检测反射面天线表面轮廓的测量技术. 通过微波全息测量得到天线口径场, 计算天马65m射电望远镜反射面与理想抛物面的偏差. 天马65m射电望远镜的主反射面板是放射状的, 有14圈. 面板的每个角都固定在面板下方促动器的螺栓上进行上下移动, 且相邻面板交点处的拐角共用一个促动器. 采用平面拟合的方法可以计算各块面板拐角处的调整值, 但是同一个促动器会得到4个不同的调整量. 通过平面拟合, 同时以天线照明函数为权重的平差计算方法得到相邻面板拐角的一个平差值, 即天马65m射电望远镜1104个促动器的最佳调整值. 通过多次调整和新算法的应用, 天马65m射电望远镜反射面的面形精度逐渐提高到了0.24mm.  相似文献   

甘肃省重要古植物化石产地区划及保护利用     

王军  李小强  张海峰  郭兵  任文秀  彭措  冯备战  王玉玺  胡振波 《地质论评》2021,67(3):578-592

古植物化石是地质历史时期各类植物实体或遗迹的残留。对古植物化石产地进行系统的调查和区划研究是开展古生物化石保护和利用工作的基础。在资料研究和实地调查的基础上,对甘肃省24处重要古植物化石产地进行了评价和区划研究。甘肃省古植物化石产地可划分为北山地区、祁连山——河西走廊地区、鄂尔多斯和秦岭地区4个古生物化石大区以及6个古植物化石产地集中区。根据古植物化石产地的科学价值和美学价值,具体从科学性、稀有性、完整性、保存程度、可保护性5个单因素分别对24处重要古植物化石产地进行了评价。在单因素评价基础上进行了综合鉴评,共鉴评出世界级化石产地1处,国家级化石产地7处,省级化石产地16处。根据产地自然区划、行政区划等要素划分了古植物化石产地集中保护区6个。根据保护区内古植物化石产地级别及重要程度,划分出特级保护区2个,重点保护区2个和一般保护区2个。提出对重要古植物化石产地实行化石标本保护加原产地保护的建议。  相似文献